Start an order
Root cause analysis / Investigation

copilot.com

Reference RCA-56C353E0F1E95F19

Microsoft Chat website

Measurement point: Stealth NYC, 32 Avenue of the Americas.

Published investigation. Updates run automatically.

01 / Network path

Network path.

Endpoint measurements / ICMP IPv4

Latency over time.

Successful endpoint RTT recordings from up to one hour before and after the event. Points are sampled from the retained history.

Enter time range

Times use the selected timezone; choices include recorded samples and intervals across the available chart.

Use the recordings table below to view latency values.
Successful RTT recording Event interval

02 Nov 2026 03:45 – 02 Nov 2026 10:29 UTC. Hover or tap to inspect; drag across the chart to zoom. On touchscreens, first choose Select time range. Escape or Reset zoom restores the full range. Missing recordings are gaps; this is not an application availability or packet-loss chart.

Select a recording to explore nearby path observations.

View recorded values
Successful ICMP IPv4 RTT recordings; displayed points are a sample of the retained records.
Recorded at (UTC)RTT
6.556 ms
6.694 ms
6.654 ms
6.657 ms
6.658 ms
6.679 ms
6.648 ms
6.573 ms
6.595 ms
6.537 ms
6.532 ms
6.548 ms
6.554 ms
6.518 ms
6.535 ms
6.548 ms
6.566 ms
6.548 ms
6.578 ms
6.642 ms
6.551 ms
6.543 ms
6.539 ms
6.556 ms
6.533 ms
6.548 ms
6.539 ms
6.552 ms
6.534 ms
6.549 ms
6.555 ms
6.539 ms
6.544 ms
6.589 ms
6.546 ms
6.540 ms
6.534 ms
6.536 ms
6.550 ms
6.555 ms
6.533 ms
6.532 ms
6.537 ms
6.534 ms
6.604 ms
6.597 ms
6.531 ms
6.501 ms
6.513 ms
6.530 ms
6.522 ms
6.403 ms
6.385 ms
6.440 ms
6.396 ms
6.424 ms
6.387 ms
6.692 ms
6.711 ms
6.702 ms
6.700 ms
6.697 ms
6.742 ms
6.735 ms
6.596 ms
6.585 ms
6.578 ms
6.585 ms
6.622 ms
6.645 ms
6.745 ms
6.755 ms
6.703 ms
6.767 ms
6.738 ms
6.705 ms
6.733 ms
6.686 ms
6.753 ms
6.703 ms
6.786 ms
6.750 ms
6.767 ms
6.711 ms
6.722 ms
6.698 ms
6.703 ms
6.729 ms
6.773 ms
6.701 ms
6.729 ms
6.700 ms
6.726 ms
6.759 ms
6.721 ms
6.721 ms
6.730 ms
6.915 ms
6.752 ms
6.686 ms
6.698 ms
6.721 ms
6.691 ms
6.702 ms
6.727 ms
6.757 ms
6.718 ms
6.703 ms
6.771 ms
6.753 ms
6.686 ms
6.736 ms
6.731 ms
6.716 ms
6.776 ms
6.766 ms
6.702 ms
6.704 ms
6.716 ms
6.802 ms
6.779 ms
22.883 ms
22.839 ms
22.816 ms
22.871 ms
22.859 ms
22.860 ms
22.881 ms
22.809 ms
22.808 ms
22.821 ms
22.821 ms
22.844 ms
22.876 ms
22.850 ms
22.860 ms
22.820 ms
22.814 ms
22.816 ms
22.824 ms
22.855 ms
22.834 ms
22.946 ms
22.864 ms
22.901 ms
22.839 ms
22.832 ms
22.866 ms
22.916 ms
21.105 ms
22.844 ms
22.833 ms
21.111 ms
21.124 ms
22.816 ms
22.846 ms
22.844 ms
22.859 ms
22.850 ms
22.902 ms
22.408 ms
22.961 ms
22.889 ms
23.154 ms
6.397 ms
22.908 ms
22.823 ms
22.903 ms
22.880 ms
22.907 ms
22.848 ms
23.191 ms
22.798 ms
20.193 ms
22.895 ms
22.853 ms
22.862 ms
22.431 ms
22.867 ms
22.799 ms
22.874 ms
21.135 ms
21.228 ms
22.817 ms
22.880 ms
22.827 ms
22.875 ms
22.926 ms
22.831 ms
22.839 ms
22.912 ms
22.846 ms
22.849 ms
22.902 ms
22.859 ms
22.851 ms
22.852 ms
22.887 ms
22.915 ms
22.822 ms
22.850 ms
22.822 ms
22.874 ms
22.815 ms
22.800 ms
22.902 ms
6.396 ms
6.546 ms
22.822 ms
22.916 ms
22.953 ms
22.874 ms
22.827 ms
22.407 ms
22.427 ms
22.464 ms
22.362 ms
22.430 ms
22.855 ms
22.855 ms
22.856 ms
22.379 ms
22.845 ms
22.855 ms
21.128 ms
21.161 ms
22.887 ms
22.860 ms
22.847 ms
22.834 ms
22.985 ms
22.801 ms
6.243 ms
6.264 ms
6.259 ms
6.289 ms
6.296 ms
6.291 ms
6.360 ms
6.248 ms
6.282 ms
6.526 ms
6.525 ms
6.512 ms
6.543 ms
6.509 ms
6.499 ms
6.525 ms
6.501 ms
6.527 ms
6.521 ms
6.548 ms
6.513 ms
6.518 ms
6.513 ms
6.492 ms
6.515 ms
6.506 ms
6.502 ms
6.505 ms
6.542 ms
6.499 ms
6.530 ms
6.527 ms
6.543 ms
6.510 ms
6.513 ms
6.517 ms
6.514 ms
6.575 ms
6.520 ms
6.583 ms
6.534 ms
6.545 ms
6.515 ms
6.548 ms
6.535 ms
6.500 ms
6.506 ms
6.542 ms
6.541 ms
6.566 ms
6.523 ms
6.443 ms
6.405 ms
6.405 ms
6.380 ms
6.412 ms
6.466 ms
6.412 ms
6.534 ms
6.675 ms
6.674 ms
6.648 ms
6.721 ms
6.656 ms
6.678 ms
6.681 ms
6.673 ms
6.629 ms
6.732 ms
6.686 ms
6.668 ms
6.676 ms
6.677 ms
6.660 ms
6.647 ms
6.660 ms
6.678 ms
6.700 ms
6.654 ms
6.654 ms
6.663 ms
6.651 ms
6.684 ms
6.640 ms
6.665 ms
6.660 ms
6.669 ms
6.680 ms
6.653 ms
6.664 ms
6.650 ms
6.650 ms
6.697 ms
6.677 ms
6.685 ms
6.651 ms
6.674 ms
6.668 ms
6.647 ms
6.672 ms
6.651 ms
6.645 ms
6.671 ms
6.671 ms
6.674 ms
6.673 ms
6.663 ms
6.659 ms
6.673 ms
6.663 ms
6.685 ms
6.690 ms
6.658 ms
6.669 ms
6.638 ms
6.690 ms
6.675 ms
6.679 ms
6.696 ms
6.637 ms
6.642 ms
6.677 ms
6.637 ms
6.649 ms
6.684 ms
6.709 ms
6.614 ms
Network path / recorded observations

Network path observations.

17 observations

Choose a measurement type to see the closest of the available sampled observations to the selected chart point. Each probe is separate and may follow a different path.

Before

ICMP traceroute · Recorded address 1

Recorded trace · destination not reached by this trace


to UTC

  1. TTL 1 Probe hop0.134 msReply RTT AS8002 · Stealth
  2. TTL 2 Probe hop48.653 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
Before

TCP traceroute / 443 · Recorded address 1

Recorded trace · destination replied


to UTC

  1. TTL 1 Probe hop0.160 msReply RTT AS8002 · Stealth
  2. TTL 2 Probe hop0.980 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
  3. TTL 3 Probe hopNo replyNo comparable RTT ASN unavailable
  4. TTL 4 Probe hop7.102 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
  5. TTL 5 Probe hop6.838 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
  6. TTL 6 Probe hop8.816 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
  7. TTL 7 Probe hop7.903 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
  8. TTL 8 Probe hopNo replyNo comparable RTT ASN unavailable
  9. TTL 9 Probe hopNo replyNo comparable RTT ASN unavailable
  10. TTL 10 Probe hopNo replyNo comparable RTT ASN unavailable
  11. TTL 11 Probe hopNo replyNo comparable RTT ASN unavailable
  12. TTL 12 Destination6.452 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
Before

ICMP traceroute · Recorded address 5

Recorded trace · destination not reached by this trace


to UTC

  1. TTL 1 Probe hop0.138 msReply RTT AS8002 · Stealth
Before

TCP traceroute / 443 · Recorded address 5

Recorded trace · destination replied


to UTC

  1. TTL 1 Probe hop0.141 msReply RTT AS8002 · Stealth
  2. TTL 2 Probe hopNo replyNo comparable RTT ASN unavailable
  3. TTL 3 Probe hopNo replyNo comparable RTT ASN unavailable
  4. TTL 4 Probe hopNo replyNo comparable RTT ASN unavailable
  5. TTL 5 Probe hopNo replyNo comparable RTT ASN unavailable
  6. TTL 6 Probe hop7.693 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
  7. TTL 7 Probe hopNo replyNo comparable RTT ASN unavailable
  8. TTL 8 Probe hopNo replyNo comparable RTT ASN unavailable
  9. TTL 9 Probe hopNo replyNo comparable RTT ASN unavailable
  10. TTL 10 Probe hopNo replyNo comparable RTT ASN unavailable
  11. TTL 11 Probe hopNo replyNo comparable RTT ASN unavailable
  12. TTL 12 Destination6.851 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
Before

TCP traceroute / 443 · Recorded address 5

Recorded trace · destination replied


to UTC

  1. TTL 1 Probe hop0.148 msReply RTT AS8002 · Stealth
  2. TTL 2 Probe hop0.902 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
  3. TTL 3 Probe hop5.531 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
  4. TTL 4 Probe hop12.883 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
  5. TTL 5 Probe hop7.907 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
  6. TTL 6 Probe hop8.717 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
  7. TTL 7 Probe hop6.537 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
  8. TTL 8 Probe hopNo replyNo comparable RTT ASN unavailable
  9. TTL 9 Probe hopNo replyNo comparable RTT ASN unavailable
  10. TTL 10 Probe hopNo replyNo comparable RTT ASN unavailable
  11. TTL 11 Probe hopNo replyNo comparable RTT ASN unavailable
  12. TTL 12 Destination6.954 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
During

ICMP traceroute · Recorded address 5

Recorded trace · destination not reached by this trace


to UTC

  1. TTL 1 Probe hop0.124 msReply RTT AS8002 · Stealth
During

TCP traceroute / 443 · Recorded address 5

Recorded trace · destination replied


to UTC

  1. TTL 1 Probe hop0.159 msReply RTT AS8002 · Stealth
  2. TTL 2 Probe hop1.208 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
  3. TTL 3 Probe hopNo replyNo comparable RTT ASN unavailable
  4. TTL 4 Probe hop7.128 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
  5. TTL 5 Probe hopNo replyNo comparable RTT ASN unavailable
  6. TTL 6 Probe hop8.694 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
  7. TTL 7 Probe hop6.781 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
  8. TTL 8 Probe hopNo replyNo comparable RTT ASN unavailable
  9. TTL 9 Probe hopNo replyNo comparable RTT ASN unavailable
  10. TTL 10 Probe hopNo replyNo comparable RTT ASN unavailable
  11. TTL 11 Probe hopNo replyNo comparable RTT ASN unavailable
  12. TTL 12 Destination7.212 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
During

ICMP traceroute · Recorded address 4

Recorded trace · destination not reached by this trace


to UTC

  1. TTL 1 Probe hop0.122 msReply RTT AS8002 · Stealth
  2. TTL 2 Probe hop4.543 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
  3. TTL 3 Probe hop1.396 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
  4. TTL 4 Probe hop23.612 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
  5. TTL 5 Probe hop23.436 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
  6. TTL 6 Probe hop23.902 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
  7. TTL 7 Probe hop21.709 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
  8. TTL 8 Probe hop22.147 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
  9. TTL 9 Probe hop23.909 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
  10. TTL 10 Probe hop18.432 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
  11. TTL 11 Probe hop21.235 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
During

TCP traceroute / 443 · Recorded address 4

Recorded trace · destination replied


to UTC

  1. TTL 1 Probe hop0.191 msReply RTT AS8002 · Stealth
  2. TTL 2 Probe hop3.523 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
  3. TTL 3 Probe hopNo replyNo comparable RTT ASN unavailable
  4. TTL 4 Probe hop21.809 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
  5. TTL 5 Probe hop23.513 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
  6. TTL 6 Probe hop22.759 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
  7. TTL 7 Probe hop22.131 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
  8. TTL 8 Probe hop22.316 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
  9. TTL 9 Probe hop23.857 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
  10. TTL 10 Probe hop18.265 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
  11. TTL 11 Probe hop21.181 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
  12. TTL 12 Probe hopNo replyNo comparable RTT ASN unavailable
  13. TTL 13 Destination22.811 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
During

ICMP traceroute · Recorded address 2

Recorded trace · destination not reached by this trace


to UTC

  1. TTL 1 Probe hop0.125 msReply RTT AS8002 · Stealth
  2. TTL 2 Probe hop1.006 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
  3. TTL 3 Probe hop1.021 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
  4. TTL 4 Probe hop6.885 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
  5. TTL 5 Probe hop7.504 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
  6. TTL 6 Probe hop8.121 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
During

TCP traceroute / 443 · Recorded address 2

Recorded trace · destination replied


to UTC

  1. TTL 1 Probe hop0.233 msReply RTT AS8002 · Stealth
  2. TTL 2 Probe hop0.853 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
  3. TTL 3 Probe hopNo replyNo comparable RTT ASN unavailable
  4. TTL 4 Probe hop6.626 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
  5. TTL 5 Probe hopNo replyNo comparable RTT ASN unavailable
  6. TTL 6 Probe hopNo replyNo comparable RTT ASN unavailable
  7. TTL 7 Probe hopNo replyNo comparable RTT ASN unavailable
  8. TTL 8 Probe hopNo replyNo comparable RTT ASN unavailable
  9. TTL 9 Probe hopNo replyNo comparable RTT ASN unavailable
  10. TTL 10 Probe hopNo replyNo comparable RTT ASN unavailable
  11. TTL 11 Destination5.950 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
After

ICMP traceroute · Recorded address 2

Recorded trace · destination not reached by this trace


to UTC

  1. TTL 1 Probe hop0.139 msReply RTT AS8002 · Stealth
  2. TTL 2 Probe hop0.819 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
After

TCP traceroute / 443 · Recorded address 2

Recorded trace · destination replied


to UTC

  1. TTL 1 Probe hop0.235 msReply RTT AS8002 · Stealth
  2. TTL 2 Probe hop1.694 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
  3. TTL 3 Probe hopNo replyNo comparable RTT ASN unavailable
  4. TTL 4 Probe hop91.710 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
  5. TTL 5 Probe hop62.780 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
  6. TTL 6 Probe hop7.037 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
  7. TTL 7 Probe hopNo replyNo comparable RTT ASN unavailable
  8. TTL 8 Probe hopNo replyNo comparable RTT ASN unavailable
  9. TTL 9 Probe hopNo replyNo comparable RTT ASN unavailable
  10. TTL 10 Probe hopNo replyNo comparable RTT ASN unavailable
  11. TTL 11 Destination6.461 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
After

ICMP traceroute · Recorded address 1

Recorded trace · destination not reached by this trace


to UTC

  1. TTL 1 Probe hop0.133 msReply RTT AS8002 · Stealth
  2. TTL 2 Probe hop0.888 msReply RTT ASN unavailable
  3. TTL 3 Probe hop2.033 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
  4. TTL 4 Probe hop191.587 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
After

TCP traceroute / 443 · Recorded address 1

Recorded trace · destination replied


to UTC

  1. TTL 1 Probe hop0.141 msReply RTT AS8002 · Stealth
  2. TTL 2 Probe hop0.817 msReply RTT ASN unavailable
  3. TTL 3 Probe hopNo replyNo comparable RTT ASN unavailable
  4. TTL 4 Probe hop7.198 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
  5. TTL 5 Probe hopNo replyNo comparable RTT ASN unavailable
  6. TTL 6 Probe hop61.859 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
  7. TTL 7 Probe hop6.927 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
  8. TTL 8 Probe hopNo replyNo comparable RTT ASN unavailable
  9. TTL 9 Probe hopNo replyNo comparable RTT ASN unavailable
  10. TTL 10 Probe hopNo replyNo comparable RTT ASN unavailable
  11. TTL 11 Probe hopNo replyNo comparable RTT ASN unavailable
  12. TTL 12 Destination6.672 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
After

ICMP traceroute · Recorded address 3

Recorded trace · destination not reached by this trace


to UTC

  1. TTL 1 Probe hop0.129 msReply RTT AS8002 · Stealth
  2. TTL 2 Probe hop3.088 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
After

TCP traceroute / 443 · Recorded address 3

Recorded trace · destination replied


to UTC

  1. TTL 1 Probe hop0.137 msReply RTT AS8002 · Stealth
  2. TTL 2 Probe hop0.809 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
  3. TTL 3 Probe hopNo replyNo comparable RTT ASN unavailable
  4. TTL 4 Probe hop7.093 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
  5. TTL 5 Probe hop6.837 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
  6. TTL 6 Probe hop7.339 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
  7. TTL 7 Probe hop6.538 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft
  8. TTL 8 Probe hopNo replyNo comparable RTT ASN unavailable
  9. TTL 9 Probe hopNo replyNo comparable RTT ASN unavailable
  10. TTL 10 Probe hopNo replyNo comparable RTT ASN unavailable
  11. TTL 11 Probe hopNo replyNo comparable RTT ASN unavailable
  12. TTL 12 Probe hopNo replyNo comparable RTT ASN unavailable
  13. TTL 13 Destination6.747 msReply RTT AS8075 · Microsoft

RTT is the round trip to each responding hop, not the delay of the preceding link. TTL order may omit routers and does not prove direct links. A missing reply is not proof of packet loss. ASN labels are dated address associations; they do not establish the forwarding path or the operator at the event time. Up to three recorded traces per method and period are selected across the archive. Where no individual trace is available, a comparison may summarize a window; MTR observations aggregate multiple probes. Address aliases are independent across measurement types.

Same method / same recorded address

Compare the traces.

Compare one selected trace from before the event with one during it. Values are individual replies, not a statistical comparison.

ICMP traceroute · Recorded address 5

Before: UTC · During: UTC

Same destination address and probe method. A matching TTL does not establish the same forwarding path.
TTLBefore RTTDuring RTTResponding address
10.138 msAS8002 · Stealth0.124 msAS8002 · StealthSame responder
TCP traceroute / 443 · Recorded address 5

Before: UTC · During: UTC

Same destination address and probe method. A matching TTL does not establish the same forwarding path.
TTLBefore RTTDuring RTTResponding address
10.148 msAS8002 · Stealth0.159 msAS8002 · StealthSame responder
20.902 msAS8075 · Microsoft1.208 msAS8075 · MicrosoftSame responder
35.531 msAS8075 · MicrosoftNo replyNot established
412.883 msAS8075 · Microsoft7.128 msAS8075 · MicrosoftSame responder
57.907 msAS8075 · MicrosoftNo replyNot established
68.717 msAS8075 · Microsoft8.694 msAS8075 · MicrosoftSame responder
76.537 msAS8075 · Microsoft6.781 msAS8075 · MicrosoftDifferent responders
8No replyNo replyNot established
9No replyNo replyNot established
10No replyNo replyNot established
11No replyNo replyNot established
126.954 msAS8075 · Microsoft7.212 msAS8075 · MicrosoftSame responder

RTTs include the return path. Different responders, missing replies and independent probe flows limit what a change can localize. MTR snapshots remain separate in the replay.

Event timeline.

Possible SLA event. Times shown are UTC.

Event opened
UTC
Last event observation
UTC
Recovery observed
UTC

Recorded recovery describes this event, not current reachability.

02 / Assessment

Assessment.

Investigation stateRecovered
Path assessment

Elevated latency observed.

Endpoint round-trip time was elevated during part of the event. The available path observations do not identify where the increase occurred.

What we observed

  • A sustained increase in measured round trip time was observed.
  • The measured destination address changed across the comparison period.

Recording counts describe collected measurements, not application availability or packet loss. Exact packet paths and the return path remain unverified.

Measurements at a glance.

Baseline RTT6.543 msUsual round trip before the event
Last recorded event RTT6.248 msLast successful event recording
Event p95 RTT22.912 ms95th percentile of successful recordings
Change from baseline-0.296 msLast event RTT compared with the baseline
Successful / expected recordings570 / 570Recorded endpoint samples during the event

RTT is round trip time; p95 describes the upper range of successful recordings. Endpoint measurements differ from individual trace replies and are not an uptime percentage.

Record sources and timestamps
Analysis updated
UTC
Public snapshot published
UTC
Public observation window
– UTC

Event and source timestamps are UTC. The latency chart uses its selected timezone. Page refresh times are separate from measurement timestamps.

03 / Method and limits

Method and limits.

How to interpret the sampled path and its limits

Corroborating the path.

Comparisons use matching destinations before and during the event. ICMP traces use echo probes. TCP/443 traces send SYN probes to port 443 only; they do not complete a TCP handshake or perform a TLS or HTTP exchange.

The Stealth gNMI interface verifies the active route-table choice and maps its primary next hop to the Stealth logical interface, configured attachment and, where applicable, the known LAG member set at each snapshot. Stable Stealth replies, together with mapped interface evidence showing no corresponding errors or sustained capacity pressure, reduce the likelihood of a Stealth forwarding issue. An 80% load warning warrants investigation; it does not prove congestion. Lower interval averages can conceal bursts or queue pressure. Optical readings assess the physical link, not congestion.

What remains unseen.

Probe reply handling can differ from packet forwarding. A slow intermediate reply that disappears at later hops does not locate a forwarding problem. A destination that does not respond to a trace is not thereby shown to be unavailable.

Stealth does not use ECMP in this monitored scope. The route snapshot does not identify which physical LAG member carried a particular independent probe, attest line-card forwarding at that packet instant, prove the exact application packet flow or observe the return path. RTT includes the return path, which may differ. No remote reverse traceroute is available. Tunnels and silent routers may hide parts of the path. Address registration alone does not establish the forwarding operator or responsibility.

References: ICMP reply handling / RFC 1812 · Round trip measurements / RFC 2681 · Full methodology